The first species of Tanytarsus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini) from a phytotelm (plant-held water) is described as a larva, pupa, and adults from specimens reared from leaf axils of Guzmania (Bromeliaceae), a bromeliad from Puerto Rico. Unreared larval records from Tillandsia bromeliads from Florida seem to belong to the new species. The diversity of Chironomidae from phytotelmata is reviewed, and the existence of a further species of Monopelopia Kieffer (Tanypodinae) is reported.